Acts 1:6–11 sets the stage for the accounts given in the rest of the book by showing you the majesty of your ascended Lord.
The good news is that your Lord has ascended. Serve your great King. Acts 1 makes clear that the ascended Lord is still very much in charge of his church. This account also is the antidote to a practical ignoring of the kingship of Christ. Your daily life, lived between his ascension and his return, is lived in the presence of and subject to the King. The life of the church and the lives of members of the church, is the life of the kingdom. The disciples ask Jesus if he is going to restore the kingdom to Israel at this time. He responds to the when question with a what answer, helping them and us understand what the kingdom is about.
“The force of [Jesus’s] answer is this: As the apostles are concerned about the kingdom, their immediate concern is not to be its future but its present, specifically the present or, strictly speaking, impending task before them, the task of their worldwide witnessing. The apostles’ concern about the kingdom, Jesus is saying, should be the kingdom task of gospel preaching, and that means with the church as the result of this forthcoming manifestation of the kingdom. Further, to the end of realizing this, their kingdom task, the apostles will receive ‘power when the Holy Spirit has come upon you’—surely with what will take place at Pentecost in view.”
(Richard B. Gaffin Jr., In the Fullness of Time: An Introduction to the Biblical Theology of Acts and Paul, p. 91)
The ascension does not mark an interruption in the kingdom. Although the word kingdom is used infrequently in Acts, the book is clear that the apostolic preaching is about the kingdom and the growth of the church is the expansion of the kingdom of God. See Acts 20:25—28; 28:30–31. Psalm 24 celebrates the entering of the King of glory into his city. Perhaps written by David for the bringing of the ark to Jerusalem, it anticipates the ascent of Christ. Notice how the universal King (Psalm 24:1) who goes up to the cries of his people, expects his people to have clean hands and pure hearts. Remember that the ascension of Jesus means that he is the great King. Because he is the great and good King, you can trust him and serve him. He ascended as the God-man. Our human nature is there at the right hand of the Father. As the God-man he intercedes for you.
Look for your Lord to return in the clouds. As he ascends, a cloud receives him out of their sight. This is not just a meteorological observation. Rather the cloud calls to mind Daniel 7 and the coming of the Son of Man. It reminds of Mt. Sinai and of the theophonic descriptions in the Psalms. This is the King of Glory who is entering triumphantly. There is celebration, joy, triumph involved. Death cannot hold Jesus. After a suitable time of appearing to his disciples, it is time to ascend to his throne. Share in that triumph. It is not a triumphalism, but rather the sovereign Lord is there for his people in their suffering as well as in their joy. When the good news is proclaimed in Acts, it is the news of the Savior who had been betrayed and crucified, but now has been raised to life and exalted to the right hand of the Father (Acts 2:33). When Stephen, the first martyr is being stoned, he sees heaven open and the Son of Man ready to receive him. The ascended Lord is so connected to his suffering church that he asks Saul, “Why do you persecute me? When you go through suffering, it is with the knowledge that the ascended Lord continues to see you and care for you. The angels promise that he will return in the same way. You live your life bracketed by the comings of Christ.
“The watchword of the church is not ‘Back to Pentecost’… [T]he marching order for the church are ‘Forward from Pentecost’ in the ever-present power of the Holy Spirit until, as the eleven were told, that final day when Jesus ‘will come in the same way as you saw him go into heaven’ (Acts1:11).”
(Richard B. Gaffin Jr., In the Fullness of Time: An Introduction to the Biblical Theology of Acts and Paul, p. 157)
Be the witnesses that you are. The ascended Lord empowers you. Acts 1:8 ties the gift of the Spirit with the idea of power. Haggai contrasts human might and power with the Spirit. That Spirit, according to Paul, was active in raising Christ from the dead. This empowerment with the Spirit is not just an example, a paradigm that we are to reproduce in our lives. Rather, this event, one event though mutli-faceted, is the resurrection, ascension, and Pentecost–all part of the history of what Christ has done to accomplish your salvation. The power is given to the apostles, but also to the church—built on the foundation of the apostles and prophets–with Christ Jesus the chief cornerstone. Where do you get the power to endure suffering–graciously? From the power of the indwelling Spirit, with whom the church has been baptized. Where do you find the strength to resist temptation? From the powerful Spirit whom the Lord, having ascended into the cloud of glory, poured out upon the church. How can you learn to forgive? Through the Spirit, whom the Lord gave after he purchased your forgiveness. You may think of being witnesses as something novel with the Great Commission. But Jesus uses language from Isaiah 43:10, 12; 44:8, where Israel is described by the Lord as “my witnesses.” The nation of Israel, corporately, as well as individually, are witnesses. Psalm 65 ties the theme of God’s universal reign with his forgiveness and with his blessing on creation. When God acts, the response comes from the ends of the earth. Don’t underestimate the importance of the official heralding of the name of Christ. Acts has plenty of that. But also avoid the reactionary view that only ordained preachers can be witnesses about Jesus. See Acts 8:4. Focus on ways that you can reach out with the good news to those around you. Keep in mind the central task of the church as well as the distinction between what the church does as church, and what it helps to equip God’s people, empowered by the Spirit, to do.
“Jesus is claiming to be this unique Lord, the God and Savior of the new Israel, whom he empowers with the Spirit and commissions as his witnesses. Those who worship Jesus as Lord, who pray to him and serve him, bear witness that he, not the idols, is the only God and Savior. The Spirit is sent to empower us to testify to the divine glory that the Son deserves.”
(Dennis B. Johnson, The Message of Acts in the History of Redemption, p. 44).
Christ extends his kingdom to the ends of the earth. The question of the disciples betrays a very limited, ethnocentric, notion of the kingdom. Jerusalem, Judea and Samaria, and to the ends of the earth are not simply a paradigm for local, regional, and international witnessing. Rather, Acts 1:8 outlines the book: Acts 1–7 takes place in Jerusalem, 8–12 in Judea and Samaria, and 13–28 shows the good news spreading through the world until it reaches the great imperial city. The kingdom of the ascended King cannot be limited to one nation. Jesus makes explicit the universal scope of that witness. Your relationship with him, your being part of his church today, is witness to the fact that your Lord has ascended in triumph. You are the ends of the earth who have heard and have believed. Jesus declares to the apostles that they are witnesses. This is directed specifically to the apostles (they are the ones taking the gospel to Jerusalem to Rome), but by implication declares that you also, as part of the ends of the earth, are witnesses. Isaiah, centuries before the coming of Christ, sees the messianic kingdom extending to the ends of the earth, Isaiah 49:6. The goal of the apostolic witness is to build the church. While you are not direct witnesses of the resurrection, you do bear testimony to the work of God and to the reality of his grace. Notice the indicative, not imperative. Your life, your words, are testifying about your God, about what he has done. Either the testimony is true or it is not. You are witnesses of what God has done in sending Jesus to die for your sins and to shape you into his holy people.
The ancient doors have lifted up their heads, for the King of glory has come in. The cloud has received the Son of Man in his glory. You, brothers and sisters, are the witnesses of his triumphal victory. Continue to bear testimony to his glory.